How to Convert Atmospheres to Pascals (atm to Pa)

How to Convert Atmospheres to Pascals (atm to Pa) Atmospheres and Pascals are two important units of pressure. This example problem demonstrates how to convert the pressure units atmospheres (atm) to pascals (Pa). Pascal is an SI pressure unit that refers to newtons per square meter. Atmosphere originally was a unit related to the air pressure at sea level. It was later defined as 1.01325 x 105 Pa. atm to Pa Problem The pressure under the ocean increases roughly 0.1 atm per meter. At 1 km, the water pressure is 99.136 atmospheres. What is this pressure in pascals? Solution:Start with the conversion factor between the two units: 1 atm 1.01325 x 105 PaSet up the conversion so the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want Pa to be the remaining unit. pressure in Pa (pressure in atm) x (1.01325 x 105 Pa/1 atm)pressure in Pa (99.136 x 1.01325 x 105) Papressure in Pa 1.0045 x 107 Pa Answer:The water pressure at a depth of 1 km is 1.0045 x 107 Pa. Pa to atm Conversion Example Its easy to work the conversion going the other way - from Pascal to atmospheres. The average atmospheric pressure on Mars is about 600 Pa. Convert this to atmospheres. Use the same conversion factor, but check to make certain Pascals cancel out so you get an answer in atmospheres. pressure in atm (pressure on Pa) x (1 atm/1.01325 x 10​5 Pa)pressure in atm 600 / 1.01325 x 105 atm (the Pa unit cancels out)pressure on Mars   0.00592 atm or 5.92 x 10-2 atm In addition to learning the conversion, its worth noting the low atmospheric pressure means humans couldnt breathe on Mars even if the air had the same chemical composition as air on Earth.  The low pressure of the Martian atmosphere also means water and carbon dioxide readily undergo sublimation from the solid to the gas phase.

the federalist numbers 1051 essays

the federalist numbers 1051 essays The Federalist, No. 10, by James Madison is a clear expression of views and policies for a new government. Madison was a strong supporter and member of the Federalists whose main beliefs favored the Constitution. They also believed that the Articles of Confederation needed to be rewritten so that a new central government would control the power of the states. Madison differentiates between a Democracy and a Republic and later on decides on a Republic as his choice of government. A Republic is a type of government run by representatives who are elected by its citizens. Madison states that however small the Republic may be, the Representatives must be raised to a certain number in order to guard against the cabals of a few; and that however large it may be, they must be limited to a certain number, in order to guard against the confusion of a multitude. This means that the Republic should have a certain number of representatives large enough to overpower any outsiders, but not too many where-as nothing could be accomplished due to disagreement. Madison speaks of the problems of the present attempts at a new government saying our governments are too unstable, that the public good is disregarded in the conflicts of rival parties, and that measures are too often decided, not according to the rules of justice, and the rights of the minor party, but by the superior force of an interested and over-bearing majority. The crucial issue of Madisons time was the right of the people. The people should be involved in their government, and know about how their government can work with them. Madisons, The Federalist, No. 51 discusses separation of powers in the government and more of the Republican system of government. Madison says outright that we see it particularly displayed in all the subordinate distributions of power, where the constant aim is to ...

XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) Term Paper

XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) - Term Paper Example This exchange occurs across all technologies as well as software, including the internet. As an XML-based framework, XBRL provides a method based on standards that can be used by the financial community in the preparation of financial statements in various formats. Extensible Business Reporting Language does not aim at establishing new standards in accounting. Rather, the main aim encompasses the enhancement of the already existing standards through the use of XML (digital language in business). XBRL can also be regarded as a computer programming add-on, which tags each segment that makes up the computer business information using an identification marker or code (Eccles & Krzus 67-90). Origins The origins of this specification can be traced back to calls on â€Å"a quantum leap over existing technologies† by reporting language SEC chairman, Christopher Cox, conceived by Charlie Hoffman, a rebel accountant. As a Certified Public Accountant with a passion for technology, Hoffma n read a book in 1997 about XML. He noted that other industries widely applied the use of this technology in the conduct of their business. As such, he decided to discover how this technology could be implemented for financial statements. In April, the same year, he began to develop prototypes of financial statements, as well as audit schedules with the use of XML (Eccles & Krzus 67-90).... History After the realization about the potential of using XML in financial reporting, Hoffman took the initiative to inform Wayne Harding, the AICPA High Tech Task Force Chairman. He asked Charlie to inform the task force about the potential of XML in September of 1998. The High Tech Task Force on AICPA came up with a product description, which proposed the creation of a set of financial statements through the use of XML. Karen Waller, a Certified Public Accountant and an AICPA member of staff helped in the perfection of the product description. On the 2nd October, 1998 the results of the High Tech Task Force were presented to the committee of AICPA in charge of Committee organization by Wayne Harding (Eccles & Krzus 67-90). Following the presentation, the AICPA declared its determination to fund the project, which would see the use of XML to create a set of financial statements. The prototype developed by Mark Jewett and Charlie Hoffman came to completion on December 31, 1998. Jeff rey Ricker of XML Solutions contributed significantly to the initial prototype. 50% of the development cost incurred in this initial prototype came from Knight, Vale and Gregory CPA firm. On the 5th of January 1999, this initial prototype was presented to the AICPA (Eccles & Krzus 67-90). Charlie Hoffman and Wayne Harding urged the AICPA to adopt it since XML proved essential to the profession of accounting. The AICPA requested the preparation of a business plan that could look into the base in regard to XML, particularly financial statements based on XML. This saw the code naming of the project as XFRML and the completion of the business plan took place on the 15th of June 1999. Those behind the creation of this

Report on security (read attachmment) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Report on security (read attachmment) - Essay Example Physiological and /or behavioural characteristics are two basis of biometric recognition system. Human characteristics used for biometric recognition system are based on parametres like: universality, uniqueness, permanence, collectability, performance, acceptability, and circumvention, Ofcom(2009). Furthermore, verification and identification are two modes in system operation. Few technical considerations in selecting a system are false accept rate or false match rate (FAR or FMR), false reject rate or false non-match rate (FRR or FNMR), receiver/relative operating characteristics (ROC), equal error rate or crossover error rate (EER or CER), failure to enroll rate (FTE or FER), failure to capture rate (FTC), and template capacity. Dynamic Air Parts plc is currently using swipe card sytem .Swipe card is a type of card capable of storing data by modifying the magnetism of tiny iron-based magnetic particles on a band of magnetic material on the card. The swipe card system is read by ph ysical contact and swiping past a magnetic reading head. An individually encoded pass card looks a like a credit card. The stripe on the back of the security pass card is a magnetic stripe, often called a magstripe. Typically, the data on an encoded security swipecard includes: 1. Name 2. ID # (social security number or other unique number) 3. Access level (where you're allowed to go) Next generation of magnetic cards - Smartcards. Smart Cards or Smartcards is the term referred to cards, made from plastic, with similarities in size, thickness and other physical appearance as plastic credit cards. It can describe chip card or integrated circuit card. Smart cards in addition have an Integrated Circuit (IC) Chip embedded in it. Smart cards are also known as IC cards and ICC cards. The amount of information can be stored in smart cards is much greater compared to magnetic stripe cards. Some of them can also be reprogrammed to add, delete or rearrange data. Compared to magnetic cards, sm art cards offer more advantages, such as: 1. They can be readily reconfigured. 2. They are reusable. 3. They give more security, thus reducing the risk of transaction fraud . 4. They are much more durable and reliable. 5. They allow multiple applications to be stored in one card. 6. It provides reduction in costs. 7. It has technical specification standards. 8. It gives security of information. 9. It has more organized information. 10. It has emergency information. 11. The process doesn't require paper. 12. One card can access multiple transactions. 13. It reduces fraud. 14. It has high memory capabilities. 15. It has the ability for on-site approval. 16. End-user only accessibility. Besides advantages, smart cards also have some disadvantages, such as: 1. It gives liability issues if stolen or lost. 2. The accuracy of information is small. 3. Lack of technology to support users . 4. It is potential hazard to data security since too much data is stored on one card if lost or stolen. 5. It is a potential area for computer hackers and computer viruses. Fingerprint Recognition Systems. A fingerprint contain a number of unique physical characteristics called minutiae, which includes cert ain visible aspects of fingerprints such as ridges, ridge endings and bifurcations (forks in ridges). Minutiae are generally found in the core points of

Retirement Issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Retirement Issues - Essay Example The essay "Retirement Issues" intends to overview the causes behind retirement plan and offer the suggestions to the younger generation on the successful accomplishment of a resilient retirement plan that is expected to get rid of the lacunas of the earlier generations in framing the same. , the term unforeseen itself is stochastic or probabilistic in nature. There is no definite way to measure all unanticipated events that might require added financial assistance and thereby extra precautionary savings. Hence, at the end of the day, it is all about series of assumptions and to some extent careful gambling with a hope that the dice would fall in the expected number. If the dice falls otherwise; then all the associated dreams with the retirement life fall into pieces like a glass house stuck with a stone. Hope does not die though, people keep on thinking that their planning considering the retirement life is on the right track and then out of the blue an emergency pops up forcing the individual and his family into the ocean of despair. By the time the individual realizes something is not right in his planning, it is too late. The most ironic thing is that this can happen owing to human error or purely out of the accident. This point to the fact that even if one is perfect regarding his retirement planning; he might face the brunt of the unforeseen events similar to anyone else. It is easily understandable now that why retirement plan is important and difficult to optimize.

Afghanistan War Essay Example for Free

Afghanistan War Essay Afghanistan has been in war with the U. S. mainly because, The Taliban refuses to follow through with the commands that the U. S. gave them, as well as ‘The Three Phases’, Also the planned attack in 2001, but mainly because the U. S. wants the mineral resources that are found in Afghanistan. The Taliban refused to undertake 3 simple tasks: shutting down the terrorist training camps, giving up the Al-Qaeda leaders and returning all American and Foreign citizens, which is part of the reason that we went to war with Afghanistan in 2001. The ‘Three Phases’ started in 1987-present the first phase was to topple the Taliban and destroy all terrorist camps from 1987-1997, the second phase was to defeat the Taliban military and re-build core institutes in the afghan state from 1997- September11, 2001, and the third phase was to turn to counterinsurgency doctrine due to increased military troop presence from 2001-present. America was planning an attack on Afghanistan to start off the third phase but what they didn’t know is that Afghanistan was planning an attack to the Twin towers to get back at the U.  S. for what they did in the past years. The main reason to the war in Afghanistan was to get most of the mineral resources in Afghanistan that are very valuable, and costs lots of money. Afghanistan and The U. S. A. are at war d The Taliban has refused to do the commands that the president of the U. S. (Mr. Bush) told them to do. More than two weeks ago from October 7th, 2001 the Taliban refused to shut down their terrorist camps, give up their leaders, and return all American and foreign citizens. Even though the U. S. s at war with Afghanistan, president Bush set up an arrangement so that afghan people who were suffering from starvation and medical issues could be cured with the droppings of food, medical aid and, clean drinking water so that they can survive and keep the afghan population alive, and for them to know what America can do when other Countries are in a time of need. George W. Bush on Sunday October 7th, 2001 said â€Å"The Military action is a part of our campaign against terrorism†¦We will win this conflict by the patient accumulation of successes, by meeting a series of challenges with determination and will and purpose. (Bush) This quote states that America will do everything in its power to get revenge on Osama bin Laden (Jerry Robinson) the person that President Bush thinks that he was behind the attack of the Twin Towers. Barack Obama dramatically increased the military troop presence in Afghanistan to have a larger force to protect the population from Taliban attacks due to, the ‘Three Phases’. The Three Phases consist of: 1) Toppling the Taliban 2) Defeating the Taliban military and rebuilding core institutions of the afghan state 3) a turn to counterinsurgency doctrine due to the increasing rates of military troops in Afghanistan(Witte). Phase one had lasted from 1979-1989 when soviet troops were withdrawn. Phase two lasted from1989-2001 the forces the United States and its allies had trained and armed now fought each other in complex coalitions for control of Afghanistan. The Third Phase lasted from September 11, 2001-present during Phase three on September 22, 2001 The United Arab Emirates and later Saudi Arabia withdrew their recognition of the Taliban as the legal government of Afghanistan, leaving neighboring Pakistan as the only remaining country with diplomatic ties. o some extent most of the Terrorist camps in Afghanistan were destroyed, and the government was ousted. Also, The Taliban surrendered within two months, much more quickly than expected. The Taliban and al-Qaeda began to regroup in 2003, after the United States shifted its military efforts to fighting the war in Iraq, and attacks on U. S. and NATO troops have continued since. The overall aim now is to ensure a stable Afghanistan that is no longer a hotbed for terrorist organisations. This all happened due to the Three Phases.

Essay --

You see the images that the public is demanding. Why more reality-based TV? You'd think that after the first Survivor it would have gone away, but it hasn't. The public demands it because they get all caught up in the personal stories, and want to see more and more.† Montel Williams tells his guest audience about how the press is always wanting to get up close and personal in people's business. As a star and MS patient, Williams knows exactly what he is talking about. Born Montel Brian Anthony Williams on July 3, 1959 in Baltimore, Maryland, Williams was bound for greatness. Growing up, Williams was already a star to everyone. In high school he was the class president his junior and senior year. He was an athlete, musician, and all around a great student. He was well known throughout his community, he was always active in county-wide government issues that was for all the students. As he got older, people still knew his name and his stardom was still advancing. After graduating in 1974 from high school, Williams enlisted into the U.S. Marine Corps. Being very impressed with Montel's strength and leadership, his superiors requested him to be placed in the Naval Academy Preparatory School at Newport, Rhode Island. Later he was accepted to the U.S. Academy at Annapolis and that is where this stars real battle begins. The well-known Montel Williams was hit with some devastating news that would later change his life drastically and forever. Although the now famous talk show host from The Montel Williams Show, the movie star, and the award winner has had to live and deal with multiple sclerosis for a good portion of his life, he has overcome many adversities such as Hollywood shame, pain, and the fear of giving up. Before graduating in ... ...has done. Every goal that was set was accomplished and every thought of defeat was pushed aside. Montel Williams is a true fighter and refused to let any of his adversities hold him back. He has never given up and still today informs his audience and the people about this disease and makes them aware that they are not invincible from it. Williams has made it through the recognition, the pain, the press, and the suffering. He has become one of the worlds most well-known and accomplished star and philanthropists. He has dedicated his life to helping others and informing others about multiple sclerosis. He knows the heartaches and the pain these people have been through, go through, and will go through. He knows what these patients need to fight back and win. He knows because he is a fighter himself and he defeats his illness everyday and in his eyes reigns victorious.