Token Boards for Reinforcing Behavior in Classroom

Token Boards for Reinforcing Behavior in Classroom Like any instructive apparatus, a token board is best when utilized reliably inside the setting of a far reaching study hall the executives plan. Token sheets have been related with Applied Behavior Analysis, as they give a basic and visual strategy for organizing and giving support. They can be utilized to limit or expand your support plan. They can be utilized to show kids how to concede satisfaction. They can be utilized barely to address explicit conduct issues. Simultaneously, except if you and your staff or you and your working together instructor are clear about how a token is earned, you can wind up with a great deal of brokenness. The object is to give clearness about which practices, even scholastic, that you are strengthening. On the off chance that you get engrossed and dont reliably grant tokens, you likewise subvert your entire support plan. Hence, its critical to address how you make and utilize a token board in your study hall. Fundamentally, a token board has singular pictures or tokens that are held set up by Velcro. The tokens are put away on the rear of the board until they are moved to the front of the board. Generally, the quantity of tokens is controlled by to what extent you trust you can concede fortification. Numerous token sheets (as the one portrayed above) may incorporate a spot for the understudies decision of fortification spoke to by a picture.â Token Boards Used for Reinforcement Making an away from of possibility is the first and basic role of a token board. Your understudy has to realize that he/she gets a token and support for displaying a specific conduct. Encouraging possibility is a procedure of first setting up coordinated correspondence. In Applied Behavior Analysis, possibility is basic so as to coordinate the strengthen to the conduct. A Token Board turns into a visual calendar for fortification. Regardless of whether you put a youngster on a 8 token timetable or a 4 token calendar, you are anticipating that a kid should comprehend that they will get access to fortification when they fill their load up. There are approaches to work toward an eight token board, incorporating beginning with a more modest number, or beginning with the board mostly filled. All things considered, the probability of expanding the conduct, regardless of whether it is correspondence or scholastic, is to be certain that the youngster realizes that conduct is being fortified. Tending to Specific Behaviors with a Token Board To begin a conduct change program, you have to recognize both the conduct you need to change and the conduct that should have its spot (substitution conduct.) Once you have distinguished the substitution conduct, you at that point need to make a circumstance where you are strengthening it rapidly utilizing your board. Model Sean sits inadequately at circle time. He gets up as often as possible and hurls himself on the floor in the event that he doesnt gain admittance to a favored toy, Thomas the Tank Engine. The study hall has a lot of 3D square seats that are utilized for circle time. The instructor has confirmed that the substitution conduct is: John will remain situated in his solid shape during bunch with the two feet on the floor, taking part properly in bunch exercises (singing, proceed, listening discreetly.) The Stimulus-Response will be Sitting, if it's not too much trouble The naming expression will be Good sitting, Sean. A study hall helper sits behind Sean in gathering: when he sits for roughly a moment discreetly a token is put on his outline. At the point when he gets five tokens, he approaches his favored toy for 2 minutes. At the point when the clock goes off, Sean is come back to the gathering with Sitting, if it's not too much trouble Following a few fruitful days, the support time frame is extended to around two minutes, with three-minute access to the reinforcer. Over two or three weeks, this could be extended to sitting for the whole gathering (20 minutes) with a 15-minute free spot break. Focusing on explicit practices along these lines can be uncommonly compelling. The model above depends on a genuine youngster with genuine conduct issues, and it took just a little while to impact the ideal outcome. Cost Response: Taking a token off the board once it is earned is known as cost reaction. A few locale or schools may not allow reaction cost, to some extent in light of the fact that non-expert or care staff may utilize it as a discipline, and the inspiration might be retribution as opposed to conduct the board. Some of the time removing a strengthen after it has been earned will create some truly unmanageable or even risky conduct. Some of the time bolster staff will utilize reaction cost just to get the understudy to flip out so they can be expelled from the study hall and set in an other safe setting (this used to be called detachment.) Token Boards for Classroom Management A token board is one of a few differentâ visual plans you can use to help study hall the board. On the off chance that you have a support plan dependent on the board, you can determine either a token for each finished assignments or a mix of fitting interest and work fruition. On the off chance that you give a token for each finished worksheet, you may find that your understudies pick just the simple ones, so you might need to offer two tokens for an especially troublesome movement. A Reinforcement Menu A menu of fortification decisions is useful, so your understudies realize they have a scope of decisions that are satisfactory. You may make a decision graph for every individual kid, or grant them to browse a bigger diagram. You will likewise locate that various understudies have various inclinations. At the point when you make an understudies decision diagram, it is advantageous to require some investment to do a fortification assessment, particularly for understudies with low capacity.

Pat Murphy Sheehy source of inspiration Essay Example For Students

Pat Murphy Sheehy: wellspring of motivation Essay Washington, D.C. is overwhelmed with two things each mid year: mosquitoes and theater. The reason for the previous is the swampland on which our countries capital rests. The last owes its reality to a kinder, gentler Source the Source Theater Company, that is. In a city whose thought of dramatization is a delay on the Senate floor, the Sources yearly Washington Theater Festival has sustained a dynamic homegrown theater network. In the course of the last 14 seasons, the celebration has become a conveyance space for new work, which would make the companys creating aesthetic chief Pat Murphy Sheehy a birthing specialist of sorts. The celebration incorporates nearly 40 to 50 unique works over a 10-to-12-week length, setting a power of in excess of 100 neighborhood entertainers, executives, architects and stage administrators vigorously. For what reason do they do it? The test, offers Sheehy. There is something uncommon about a circumstance that constrains you to manage the no frills of what theater is imparting. You rediscover that creative mind is the key thing. The creations, running from full-scale to content close by readings, are mounted in a tornado attempt to beat the clock and cash. Gutsy craftsmen end up confronted with addresses, for example, How would one be able to pull off a dramatization around six Southern ladies traversing 50 years, three ages and various extraordinary areas, with a couple of seats, two on-screen characters and one sets of leggings in the parlor of a government office.? When Sheehy carried a creation to the Edinburgh Festival a couple of years prior, she was stunned by the way that celebration appeared to assume control over the city (You couldnt open an open pay phone without a creation going on inside, she declares), and she acknowledged the exercise. From that point forward, the Washington celebration has fused open structures, book shops, clubs and historical centers as settings. This year, for instance, a night of plays dependent on Joan of Arc will be introduced at the French international safe haven. In the event that Sheehy has her direction, it might before long be a free for all on Metro stations. Consistent resilienceâ Few are the Washington-based specialists who have not cut their dramatic teeth in a celebration creation. Late graduated class incorporate D.C.- based writers Ernest Joselovitz, T.J. Edwards, Oni Faida Lampley, Lucy Tom Lehrer, Allyson Curnin, Judlyne A. Lilly and Gary Bonasorte. When Sheehy acknowledged her 1993 Washington Post Award for Distinguished Community Service, she asked the individuals who had taken part in a celebration to stand and acknowledge the honor with her. The bunch of individuals left in their seats hailed. The test of finding, supporting and continuing new work and ability has consistently been the focal point of Sources strategic. What Ive attempted to do with to do with Source, clarifies Sheehy, who accepted creative initiative of the auditorium in 1987, is give a masterfully testing and steady spot, so the craftsman gets the opportunity to work their direction upso that theres a movement. Making a steady situation, be that as it may, has not generally been simple. At the point when I assumed control over the theater, my objective was to gradually put the performance center on strong budgetary ground, since you cannot attempt new things except if youre stable, says Sheehy. In the course of the last six seasons, she has merged the Source into a solitary organization possessed space and kept up a stable, if unobtrusive, $400,000 spending plan. We had been to some degree downturn evidence in D.C., Sheehy reasons, since the citys ventures are fundamentally government and the travel industry. In any case, we are seeing the downturn now. This previous year was the most troublesome I can recall. The economy in any case, there is a positive thinking about Sheehy which proposes consistent strength. You cannot let yourself get worn out by the test of fund-raising, she attests. I need to neutralize combining everything down to that issue, since its a steady with theaters. You need to transcend that and remain concentrated on the work. .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .postImageUrl , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:hover , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:visited , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:active { border:0!important; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:active , .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .udc4f35d78 b554078158d3ac37774bf5c .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .udc4f35d78b554078158d3ac37774bf5c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: An open life EssayOne faculties that in the event that she had her druthers, Sheehy would move the celebration into increasingly downtown neighborhoods, or search out and produce all the more new works that address unpredictable social issues, similar to the creation she coordinated last September of Kevin Heelans Distant Fires, about a racial clash in close by Ocean City, Md. However the driving forces of Sheehy the craftsman are tempered with the sober mindedness of the maker: I dont know what number of tickets that sort of submitted work sells, she yields, and now and then you need to consider that. Spouse and mother and artistâ This mix of optimism and sober mindedness comes from what she portrays as a disparity as a part of her character. I was every one of these things you werent expected to be in the event that you were a craftsman. I had this side of me that was exceptionally sorted out and worried about the network and the 10,000 foot view, which didnt at all fit into the generalization I grew up with of what a craftsman was. I surmise I needed to give myself consent to do all the things I needed to do like be a spouse and mother and craftsman and sorted out. Consent shows itself in contribution: Having filled in as leader of the League of Washington Theaters, administrator of the D.C. Commission on the Arts, and on various mayoral teams, her affiliations stretch out past expressions support to such zones as neighborhood improvement and the reclamation of memorable theaters. Sheehy likes having this much movement on her plate and appears to flourish with it. Governmental issues and theater are a hand-and-glove fit in my life. I surmise its intelligent of what I do at Source a perfection, endeavoring to locate an entire image of myself.

Building for brands Essay

Today, organizations take outrageous consideration when formuâ ¬lating and executing publicizing efforts. An uncommon consideration is given to the message of an advertisement and its effect on potential purchasers. The fundamental fixings that add to an extraordinary publicizing effort are a special trademark (message) and picture of an advertisement. Advertisers impart through a lot of implications and definitions sending specific messages to shoppers and controlling the dissemination of thoughts regarding an item (Wells et al 2005). The specific trademark, and the manner in which it is introduced, relies upon the advertiser’s objective, for example, Allstate Insurance Company’s promotion: â€Å"You're in acceptable hands†. Trademark is significant component of correspondence since it sticks to consumer’s mind for quite a while regardless of whether they don't recollect the specific picture, they recall the motto. For example, Nike makes the accompanying motto for it notice: 'Take care of business! ’ It claims to potential shoppers through passionate reaction: a typical arrangement of implications gets from the language, yet alludes all the more comprehensively to the example of convictions, codes, and emotions based on which individuals figure out how to live with their condition. Visual picture underpins the trademark and advances to buyers through a visual analyzer. Funniness and importance help to make a one of a kind promoting message and stands out. Such promotions have more noteworthy enthusiastic effect on potential buyers and their choice to buy. For example, a trademark ‘Don't venture out from home without it' utilized by American Express, bids to feelings and sentiments of customers; this motto is anything but difficult to recollects and rehash. Since items are as often as possible at various stages throughout their life cycle in different national markets, and in light of social, social, and financial dif-ferences that exist in those business sectors, the best intrigue or selling suggestion for an item may change from market to showcase. The selection of media is significant in light of the fact that it permits an organization to impact and apple to various objective gatherings. Media controls the dissemination of thoughts regarding a specific item. For example, radio promoting is economical; the message can't be passed or rehash. Television media is progressively viable in light of the fact that individuals and items have an authenticity. A TV ad can be coordinated to the hour, day, week or program. For example, Raid’s advertisement: Kills bugs dead' join both visual and sound-related intrigue. The advertisement 'You can do it. We can help' utilized by Home Depot offers to me in an enthusiastic level. It advances to the core of the target group. This message of the advertisement significantly affects tastes and needs making style. It furnishes potential purchasers with human-focused conduct, impolite of any outside outcomes, present moment or long haul. The goal of the promotion was to stand out to their image name and proposed a help in every day issues. For this situation, the huge thought of promotion can be contrasted and a glimmer of understanding that integrates the reason for the methodology, joins the item advantage with buyer want in a crisp, including way, breathes life into the subject, and makes the peruser or crowd stop, look, and tune in. It is conceivable to state that buyers â€Å"read† the message hearing or taking a gander at the notice. Home Depot didn't attempt to ‘sell’ its items to a potential customer however proposed an assistance and backing, critical thinking and demonstrate their master information. The intended interest groups of Home Deport are singular clients and development organizations associated with building fix and reproduction administrations. In total, after John O’Toole (refered to Wells et al 2005, p.67) the large thought of a promotion can be depicted as a blaze of knowledge that incorporates the reason for the methodology, joins the item advantage with buyer want in a crisp, including way, breathes life into the subject, and makes the peruser or crowd stop, look, and tune in. Promoting affects the general public as it is frequently intended to enhance an item or brand, it plays an increasingly significant correspondences job in showcasing buyer items than in advertising items. References 1. Wells, W. P. , Mariarty, S. , Burnett, J. (2005). Publicizing: Principles and Practice. Prentice Hall; 7 edn.

The Odessy essays

The Odessy papers An epic legend is an overwhelming figure who typifies the standards of a country or race. Epic saints participate in long perilous undertakings and accoplish extraordinary deeds, requireing incredible fortitude and too human quality. As I would like to think I don't feel that Odysseus is an epic legend. He isn't an epic saint in light of the fact that the main quality he has is extraordinary mental fortitude and that isn't a lot. He didn't spare anyone, he undermined his better half and nearly got imself murdered. In book 9 Odysseus and his men land on the island of the Cyclopes. They detect a cavern and they choose to proceed to investigate it. They discover cheeses and pens swarmed with sheep. His team proposes that they take the things and run, however Odysseus was difficult and styaed in the cavern. Odysseus loses two men to the cyclopes. At the point when he in the long run outmaneuvers the cyclopes and escapes the cavern. He shouts from his boat and ridicules the cyclops. The cyclopes at that point gets a rock and tosses it at the boat misses and an immense wave sends them practically right back to the shore. In the following book, book 10, Odysseus arrives on the island of the goddess Circe. He sends half of his men to proceed to investigate the island. The men found a house with wolves and mountain lions that acted like house pets. They entered the incredible corridor , and were taken care of and situated in relaxing seats. She gave them wine that made them transform into creatures. At the point when this happened Eurylochus returned and mentioned to Odysseus what occurred and said that they should leave and not to return for the others. Odysseus ought to have tuned in to Eurylochus in light of the fact that she caused them to overlook of home and that was one more year they spent messing around. At that point in book 12 Odysseus is confronted with a test. He needs to settle on a decision between Scylla the ocean beast that look s like a winged serpent with 6 heads, or Charybdis the toliet bowl beast. On the off chance that he picked Scylla the he would lose 6 of his men without a doubt, in the event that he picked Charybdis, at that point he would either lose all or none of his men inckuding h ... <!

Tips for Choosing the Right Research Paper Service

Tips for Choosing the Right Research Paper ServiceIf you're a writer, or if you have a writing project in the works, it's a good idea to contact a research paper service. Research papers are essential for all academic disciplines, including education, sociology, and literature. Papers for these subjects require extensive research. As such, the time spent researching is wasted when the final product is badly written and poorly organized.There are a number of research paper services that can help you write a quality paper. Some do it on a limited basis, while others have a much larger pool of writers. Many services offer shorter deadlines than traditional academic research services. This gives you more time to ensure that your paper is ready for submission on time. Some companies also offer editing services so that your work is finalized before you submit it.So what makes a good research paper service? Here are a few points to consider when deciding which research paper service to hire . First, you want to know about their experience and reputation, as well as the reliability of their workers.For service reviews, look for the length of the experience. You should be able to read feedback from past clients that tell you about the quality of work they received. You should also find out how the writer performs, and whether or not they follow their schedules. Lastly, check for references and ask about payment.Another thing to look for is how they use different methods. Do they use computer-generated models? If so, what kind of output do they get? Are they also capable of doing use of word processing, and the paper type you need? What other types of services do they offer?The research paper service should have something to offer for every type of research paper. They should be able to provide specialist services for the kind of paper you want, and they should do it fast. You also need to know what services they have available in your area. You may be offered one or two service offerings and then need to find one that meets your needs.Finally, you will need to make sure that the research paper company offers both on-demand and process services. Some offer 'do it yourself' service with minimal training, but their system does not allow for an outline or structure. You may want the ability to structure your research paper so that you don't spend as much time writing your paper.Finding the right research paper service to help you meet your paper needs is easier than you think. Use the tips mentioned above, to make the right decision. In the end, you will be happy with the finished product.

How to Optimize Your Morning Routine For Stress-Free School Days

Create a Productive Morning Routine to Cut Back on School Anxiety If you are struggling to make it out the door on time, feeling drowsy during your first three classes, or forgetting assignments at home, it may be time to rethink your morning routine. Many students make hitting the snooze button their default, but this usually isn’t the most effective way to kick-start your day. Start the new school year off on the right foot by revamping your morning routine with these organization strategies that are sure to help you feel on top of your game all day long! Write Out Tomorrow’s Agenda in the EveningMany schools have early start times, so putting off all your next-day planning until the morning is not always the best strategy for students. Instead of trying to remember everything on your to-do list immediately after waking up, set aside time in the evening to create an agenda for the following day. Make note of any upcoming deadlines, tests and quizzes, extracurricular activities, and college preparation work you have scheduled, as well as goals you have for yourself and important reminders. Shortly after waking up, review your agenda to make sure you are prepared for the day’s activities and to avoid forgetting any assignments or equipment you might need. Don’t Leave Packing for the Last MinuteIn addition to compiling your daily agenda, consider packing your bag and planning your outfit for the following day during the evening. Choosing clothes and setting up your backpack sound like quick tasks, but every minute counts on early weekday mornings. Lay out tomorrow’s clothes near your bed so they are ready to go for the following day and have every book and assignment you will need for classes and after school activities already in your bag or backpack. In the morning, double-check your bag to avoid forgetting anything important at home. Give Yourself Time In the MorningInstead of sleeping as much as possible and then frantically rushing out the door, give yourself time to wake up and reflect on the upcoming day in the morning. Set aside at least 30 minutes to one hour to review your agenda, double check your bag, get dressed, and eat breakfast before rushing out the door. Waking up slightly earlier will help you in the long-run, because you will feel more alert and prepared for the day by the time you walk into school. If possible, try to go to bed slightly earlier to avoid missing out on any quality sleep time. Make Your Morning Meal CountStrive to set aside at least 15 minutes to eat breakfast and potentially catch up with other members of your family. Choose a healthy, balanced meal that will provide you with sustained energy as opposed to picking up something last minute at a drive through or cafe. If possible, use this time to discuss your day with parents and/or siblings and review important items on your daily agenda. Leave Early for a Stress-Free CommuteBeing late can be stressful, especially if you have a test or quiz during your first class of the day. Avoid cutting it close by penciling in an extra 5-10 minutes of commute time to compensate for traffic, train or bus delays, or any other potential unanticipated transportation issues. If you happen to get to school early, take advantage of the time by catching up with friends, organizing your locker, or reviewing any important notes for the day. Revamping your morning routine can be an easy way to boost your productivity throughout the day and help you stay on track with your academics and college prep. If you are struggling to stay on top of all of your schoolwork, extracurricular activities, and college preparation timeline, you may want to consider reviewing your schedule with a parent, staff member at your school, or admissions counselor. Our team of expert counselors can help you create a plan of action and pinpoint which classes and after school activities you should prioritize throughout the year.

Essay on Factors that Influence Development in Children

UNDERSTAND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S DEVELOPMENT AND HOW THESE AFFECT PRACTICE There are various personal factors which can affect the development of children and young people. When a child is conceived, their genetics are formed. It is becoming increasingly apparent that as well as deciding, hair colour our genetics can influence addiction, depression and self-esteem issues. A baby’s development can also be affected during pregnancy. A mother’s lifestyle can also have an effect. Smoking, consumption of alcohol, infections picked up, stress, anxiety and diet can all influence the development of a child before birth. Factors such as being born premature or being injured during birth can also affect†¦show more content†¦It is important that we recognise that areas of development are linked; therefore disabilities can affect various aspects. As well as an effect on physical development other areas of a child’s development can be affected. Emotional development may suffer as the child may feel they are different to others. Cognitive de velopment may also be affected as concentration may be affected. These disabilities could also have a negative effect on communication development as the child may struggle to speak, as a result social development will also be affected as thy may be unable to communicate with others. Frustration from being unable to do things may cause problems with behaviour. Sensory Impairment Sensory impairments are defects in vision, sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch and spatial awareness. Visual impairments are when vision is partially lost, severely impaired or completely lost. Sometimes this can be improved with glasses or contact lenses, medical treatment or surgery, but there are occasions where this cannot be treated. This can affect a child’s emotional they may feel they are different than others. It can also restrict physical development as the child may not be able to do the same activities as other children which would also affect their social development because they are not able to join in with others. Written communication can also be affected as they may beShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental And Circumstantial Factors That Influence The Development Of Children Essay1841 Words   |  8 Pagesspoken languages in the world alone without taking into consideration nonverbal languages. For adults and children alike, this can be overwhelming because in each la nguage there are different behaviour patterns, different registers, different age groups and what is acceptable in one language may not be considered acceptable in another such as how close is too close to stand to someone else. For children who come from families whose first language is not English, this is even more difficult when tryingRead MoreFactors That Influence Children And Young People s Development And How These Affect Practice1394 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstand the factors that influence children and young people s development and how these affect practice. 2a. How development is influenced by personal and external factors Personal factors Childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬TMs development will be influenced by a wide range of factors. Their background, health and the environment in which they are growing up will all have an impact, as each will affect all areas of development. Pupilà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬TMs health Childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬TMs development opportunities could be affected if they sufferRead More2. Understand the factors that influence children and young people‚Äà ´s development and how these affect practice.3286 Words   |  14 PagesUnderstand Child and Young Person Development 2. 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These designations are useful, but substantial overlap exists. Studies have established average ages at which specific milestones are reached, as well as ranges of normality. In a normal child, progress within the different domains varies, as in the toddler who walks late but speaks in sentences earlyRead MoreVygotsky s Theory Of Cognitive Development1365 Words   |  6 PagesCognitive Development the Biopsychosocial Framework In researching various development theories, one of those that stand out is cognitive development theory. Cognitive development theory studies â€Å"how people think and how thinking changes over time† (Kail Cavanaugh, 14). One of the leading theorists in this area was Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky. He was one of the first theorists to consider the sociocultural influences on a child’s development. His research allowed the development of keyRead MoreExplain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors967 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Core 3.1 2.1. Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of personal factors 2.2. Explain how children and young people’s development is influenced by a range of external factors 3.2. Explain the reasons why children’s development might not follow the expected pattern Factors that influence development. Core 3.1 2.1 Children’s development is influenced by a variety of different personal factors. Such factors can include Cerebral palsy, downs syndrome, dyslexiaRead MoreFamily Systems Come in All Shapes and Sizes Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily system is a man and a woman living together with children, but as we all know, relationships since then have evolved and are not always between a man and woman. The ideal family system encourages proper development in the child by meeting the developmental needs of the child in the areas of their emotional, physical, cultural and necessary stimuli. Today, there are same sex couples who try to function as a family system with children. By saying this I am not arguing that this is necessarilyRead MorePiaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development1096 Words   |  5 Pagescentral theme in developmental psychology is the question of how development can be conceptualized. One approach is to divide development into different stages. For example Freud (.. ) and Piaget (2003, 2000, 1985) described development as a qualitatively distinct series of stages. But there has been criticism about stage-based approaches in terms of how it is able to take on account the individual differences between children in development. The focus of this essay is on Piaget’s theory because it isRead MoreThe Behavioral Perspective Of Human Development1327 Words   |  6 PagesHuman development is a process that occurs throughout the lifespan, and lifespan development theories offer frameworks for which to understand human growth. Different approaches focus on specific aspects of human life to determine which has the most significant influence on development. However, one theory usually does not account for all variables of human growth so more than one perspective may be used to analyze development. Two such perspectives, the behavioral and the contextual, explain development

Why Is Sleep So Important - 3274 Words

Why Is Sleep So Important? 1. Introduction Sleep is a biological fact of life that often does not receive the greatest amount of attention and priority. Understanding the causes of why some individuals, and even societies, choose not to have adequate amounts of sleep leads to inconsistent results. However, the consequences of not getting enough of sleep are worth noting. While some individuals choose to sacrifice the amount of sleep they have on a regular basis, others do not have that choice and suffer not only from a lack of sleep but also a reduction in the quality of sleep. Not having enough quality sleep leads to a reduction in the ability to regulate physical, mental, and emotional demands, as well as reductions in the performance†¦show more content†¦During N3 sleep, individuals have little response to external stimuli are likely in a state of deep sleep. While sleep is important for regulating metabolic and hormonal processes, sleep is also important for regulating appetite (Hung et al. 1). No t receiving enough sleep leads to what Hung and colleagues referred to as â€Å"chronic sleep debt,† in which the metabolic and hormonal processes are irregular, and appetite tends to increase (1). Chronic sleep debt has negative effects on glucose metabolism, resulting in sleep disorders with reduced sleep quality (3). A continued lack of sleep can lead to negative health consequences such as diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and even death. Some individuals choose to lessen the quantity of sleep they receive on a regular basis (Nedeltcheva and Scheer 293). While this choice may work for some who feel motivated for multiple reasons, continuing to voluntarily reduce the quantity of sleep on a regular basis may lead to the onset of officially recognized diagnoses of insufficient sleep syndrome and sleep deprivation (293). In modern society, many people have no choice but to sacrifice both the quantity and quality of sleep because of environmental factors related to fa mily and work. Environmental factors such as noise, exposure to light, and lack of privacy in sleeping quarters may have a

Racism Racism And Racism - 989 Words

Racism in America Racism discrimination has been one of our society’s most horrible social problems. In the words of the famous Martin Luther King judging an individual by the color of their skin rather than the content of their character can be a very dehumanizing experience that can have lasting effects on an individual life. Racism in America has not come to a cease. Racism promotes negative personal relations between people of different cultures. I believe slavery started around the 1500s and 1600s. Blacks become property of whites and slave trading meant capitalism for white’s .Racism meant that one group of people was supposedly superior to another. â€Å"Racism is a particular form of oppression. It stems from discrimination against a group of people based on the idea that some inherited characteristic, such as skin color, makes them inferior to their oppressors. Yet the concepts of â€Å"race† and â€Å"racism† are modern inventions. They arose and became part of the dominant ideology of society in the context of African slave trade at the dawn of capitalism in the 1500s and 1600s.†(Lance Selfa) Education taught way different depending whether it’s a high-income suburbs or low –poverty crime area. Why the different is can be explained in the demographic of public schools. In the school year 2008-2009 a survey was done for all United States public schools. The survey showed white made 59% of students while black students made up 15% of students. â€Å"Black student are twice asShow MoreRelatedRacism : Racism And Racism1544 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand whether or not racism is learnt, we first have to divulge into the nature of racism. It is usually assumed that racism has been a part of civilisation since civilisation started, that it is embedded into how people work and that no matter what, it will always exist. Another assumption is that racism derives from the capitalism of the slave trade by white elitist men seeking to dehumanize people for economic gain, and used racism as a way to mask their financial motives to justify enslavementRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1003 Words   |  5 Pagesracism: Racism-â€Å"the belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specific to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races.† Imagine, 5 black men. Singing a church song still faithful for hope. Chained and cuffed together. Flies follow them as they walk by in the dry hot desert. With the white oppressor behind them yelling nasty words that poison their brain. Yet they still sing and wait and keep faith. In some statesRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1751 Words   |  8 PagesRacism Social Justice Topic Issue Corbin Metz H R – 3013 University of Oklahoma Racism Social Justice Topic Issue Today in our society, racism is a very popular social justice topic issue, which affects many of the lives of those around us on a daily basis. Individuals as well as organizations and institutions widely commit the act of racism and these issues are embedded in their policies, procedures, and practices (Calgary). The first signs of racism beginning to arise in the worldRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism953 Words   |  4 PagesRacism in America â€Å"Racism is a refuge for the ignorant. It seeks to destroy. It is the enemy of freedom, and it deserves to be met head-on and stamped out.† - Pierre Berton Racism is the unjust hate for any people who are simply different for a various array of reasons. It is all around us and always will be, but that does not give us the right to be passive on the subject. This discrimination against culturally diverse people is hurting our â€Å" land of the free†, one racist remark at a time.Read MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1181 Words   |  5 PagesThis issue of racism is popular by name but tends to be sugar coated by the way people see it. In order to truly understand racism you need to take a bite into the topic in order to get a taste of what it is really like. Racism comes in many different forms and can be seen many different ways. But why even care about racism at all? Why does it even matter? One would think that with such a harsh background regarding racism in America it would no longer exist in society today. But sadly that is notRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1971 Words   |  8 PagesRacism has come to be a very important topic in today’s society. Many are talking about the injustices when it comes mostly when it comes to African-Americans and Caucasians in authority. Many have deemed the incidents of Trayvon Martin, Freddie Gray, Sandra Bland, Walter Scott, Akai Gurley, Tamir Rice, the Spring Valley High School video, and even the Charleston Shooting to name a few as reactions to racism. Out of the people talking about these events, only a few really know the meaning of racismRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism2243 Words   |  9 PagesRacism, a topic which has become especially touchy in modern times. It is quite clear that racism is alive not only in the United States, but across the globe. Though the topic is widely talked about, nobody really does anything to stop it. People will be quick to elaborate on the fact that it should be stopped, then make no changes themselves. Yet do they truly understand the concepts of racism and what it really means to be racist? Granted everybody unders tands that it is racist to hate a groupRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism996 Words   |  4 PagesCovert Racism Introduction Racism; ‘the belief that races have distinctive cultural characteristics determined by hereditary factors and that this endows some races with an intrinsic superiority over others’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012) and thus leading to ‘abusive or aggressive behaviour towards members of another race on the basis of such a belief’ (Collins English Dictionary 2012). Over time, racism has transformed from a blatant and overt form into a passive style of prejudice and discriminationRead MoreRacism : Racism And Racism1094 Words   |  5 PagesRacism has been an issue that has caused controversial debates for years. It is a topic that stirs up lots of emotions within people and continues to be an argument for all. When there has been a shooting between a white and a colored or a cop and a colored person, people blame it on racism. They state that since the white cop shot the black man it simply means the cop was racist. Then the people want to speak that justice needs to be served and the cop needs to be put in prison or released fromRead MoreRacism In Racism764 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is not new in the West. For that matter, more or less, in other parts of the world as well. But let me focus on the West, where racism has returned with a vengeance once again. As in the past, this racism will end in tear and bloodshed as well.   There was a time when Westerners treated non-Whites as sub-human. They liquidated the locals in Australia, New Zealand, America, Canada, and so many other countries and appropriated from themselves everything the locals had.  So the Red Indians, Aborigines

S Curve for Ev - 1155 Words

S-Curve Insight into the Electric Automobile Industry Introduction Many technological improvements have been made to vehicles to reduce their environmental impact. Some of these advances have been imposed by environmental legislation, others have been incentivized by commercial pressure to improve energy efficiency and limit our dependence on fossil fuel. Greening the transportation sector is thus important for meeting global emissions reduction targets. One innovative technology to achieve a green transportation sector is radically changing the design and components from fossil fuel based internal combustion cars to electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. This technology shift will lead to emergence of new technologies that†¦show more content†¦This race was accelerated by the new proposed model of better place for battery swapping. The new Leaf the first EV vehicle is schedule to be released in December 2010. While companies raced for dominating the electric vehicle technology, they realized that this market is highly shaped by many external factors. As result, companies like Toyota decided to take incremental steps toward electrification through the introduction of the first hybrid electric vehicle Prius in 2004. Prius was well received by customers and gave Toyota an edge over its competitors. The Prius however used an old battery technology based on Nickel Cadmium NiCa. General Motors later developed a better battery that uses the lithium ion technology (with the help of A123 company) in its first plug-in hybrid electric vehicle the Chevy Volt which is expected to be official launched by the end 2010. External Factors Controlling the EV markets Electric vehicle market is highly shaped by the external factors controlling this market. Some of the major external factors impeding the diffusion of EV to markets are: 1- Incompetent battery technology 2- Carbon intensive grid electricity 3- Immature renewable energy techology 4- Safety Issues – (for example cars with lithium ion batteries are not allowed to be shipped by air) 5- Long battery charging hours ( in the US 6 hours, in EUShow MoreRelatedThere Was Highly Statistical Significant Difference Between1014 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant in prediction of EV with sensitivity 70% and specificity 86.2% , platelet count at cutoff less than 99000/mm3 is significant in prediction of EV with sensitivity 87.5% and specificity 55%. ,platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (PC/SD) at cutoff cutoff less than 919.6 is significant in prediction of EV with sensitivity 57.5% and specificity 95%. ,Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) at cutoff cutoff greater than 1.14 is significant in prediction of EV with sensitivity 68Read MoreUse Of Excitonic Absorption And Its Effect On The Environment958 Words   |  4 PagesIn our previous study [1], bandgaps of the title perovskites were roughly determined by extrapolating their absorption edges to the photon-energy axis, yielding 1.50 eV (n = ï‚ ¥), 1.91 eV (n = 4), 2.03 eV (n = 3), 2.17 eV (n = 2), and 2.43 eV (n = 1), respectively. However, the presence of excitonic absorption slightly below the fundamental band edge caused some uncertainty in the bandgap estimation of each compound. This effect could be most serious for the bulk perovskite (n = ï‚ ¥) because the excitonRead MoreChemical Characteristics Of Otfts With Plasma Treatment865 Words   |  4 Pagesa mobility, an on/off current ratio (Ion/Ioff), Vt, and low subthreshold slope (S) of 0.23 cm2 V-1 S-1, 9.8 Ãâ€" 105, −1.63 V, and of 0.16 mV dec-1 (Table 2). To gain a better understanding of AP plasma treatment on APS affecting their electrical performance, the contact resistance at the BC electrodes for pentacene OTFTs were extracted using the transmission line method [44]. In the linear regime of the output curves, the total resistance (Ron), which is the sum of the channel resistance (RCh) andRead MoreMacrophage Case Study1649 Words   |  7 Pagespropose to utilize this same model to examine the possible differential host (macrophage) response to Cn Cin1-S vs. Cn Cin1-L infection. J774A.1 cells of the appropriate passage stage will be collected, counted, and seeded. Following stimulation, the macrophages will be exposed to cryptococcal cells in the following arrangements: Cin1-S, Cin1-L, WT, Cin1-S + WT (1:1), Cin1-L + WT (1:1), and Cin1-S + Cin1-L (1:1). Incubation condition, time, observation, and calculation of the phagocytic index (ingestionRead MoreUsing Various Protocols That Accurately Reflect The Value Of A Firm1399 Words   |  6 Pagesvaluation of companies within that industry. These ratios are often times calculated and published on various financial service pages. Calculating a multiplier for an industry involves calculating the EV fo r a representative set of companies (4-5) and picking a representative ratio to use, EBIT/EV, EV/EBITA, EV/SALES, etc. Calculate the given ratio for each of the firms and take the average of the answers. Take this average as the multiplier for the firm that you are valuing and multiply that firms EBITRead MoreTesla2349 Words   |  10 Pagesglobal trends of propulsion technology, Elon Musk founded Tesla to start producing sports/luxury electric cars. After a decade since the creation of the company, Tesla has managed to set a new value proposition in the EV* industry. Its electric vehicles contribute significantly to EVs becoming the standard in alternative energy transportation. However, Tesla is now focusing on a more complex issue: if electric propulsion becomes the standard in the automotive industry, which particular â€Å"functioning/operatingRead MorePm Ch. 13 Notes4446 Words   |  18 Pagesthe original budget projections. For project monitoring and control, both individual task budgets and the cumulative project budget are relevant. The cumulative budget can be broken down by time over the project’s projected duration. The Project S-Curve: A Basic Tool As a basis for evaluating project control techniques, let us consider a simple example. Assume a project (Project Sierra) with four work packages (Design, Engineering, Installation, and Testing), a budget to complete of $80,000, andRead MoreMarketing Plan For Electric Vehicles2729 Words   |  11 Pages12/2/2014 TRC 316 – Final Paper Jim Dunshee EVs Sprawl in VT Page 1 of 7 Promoting Electric Vehicles and Compact Centers in Vermont Introduction The 2011 Vermont Comprehensive Energy Plan (CEP) represents a collaborative effort between multiple state agencies to set a path towards a sustainable statewide energy system through renewable energy sources and greater energy efficiency. The CEP has set the goal that 90% of Vermont’s energy will be obtained through renewable sources by 2050. As outlinedRead MoreNotes On Petroleum Consumption : Energy Data From A Range Of Phevs And Hevs1394 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude petroleum consumption data from a range of PHEVs and HEVs. The graph shows apparent differences between each of the models. The curve at the bottom represents hybrid vehicles that cannot run on electric only mode. Six models are selected from four degrees of hybridization which are micro, mild, medium, and full. Staring from 0% at the bottom left, the curve goes up as the degree of hybridization goes up. The Vue, one micro hybrid car model, can reduce the petroleum usage by 18%, while the ToyotaRead MoreMeasuring Performance, Cost, And Scheduling837 Words   |  4 Pagescontrol in project-based management† (PMIS-Consulting, Articles, 2014). II. Establishing Estimate Value To fully employ earned value analysis (EVA), project managers and stakeholders but understand the standard lexicons of EVA such as earned value (EV), actual cost (AC), and (PV). The formulas are also standard such as cost variance, schedule variance, cost performance index, and schedule performance index (Dow et al., p. 207, 2015). Regardless if a project is large or small, earn value analysis

Definition Essay On Racism - 1005 Words

When you hear the word racist, what comes to mind? Philando Castile? The I-94 highway protest? Martin Luther King Jr.? Feminists? Christians? Islamics? Men and woman being shot by police because of the color of their skin or what they believe in? Throughout society, the definition of racism varies drastically. Some people would define it as its definition, one race against another, then there are the other uninformed members of society who would define it as blacks against whites, but in all reality it’s any race against another. Though racism is usually defined as antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that ones own race is superior, this definition would mean one race hating†¦show more content†¦A correct example of racism is the Holocaust because Hitler hated the jews. It would affect daily life because it would be used in a correct way, rather than a derogatory way. Society defines racism as whites against blacks, or men again st women or maybe cops against African Americans. We often classify the word discrimination. The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex. If a person is shopping while wearing old clothes they may not be helped because they seem like they couldnt afford anything. If a man is married, people assume that he is more trustworthy. Its not necessarily true, but thats discrimination. The word racism is often used in place of the word discrimination. When a woman is denied a job because she is a woman, many women would say that that act one one of racism, yet a more acute word would be discrimination, because discrimination is negative judgment based on sex. Prejudice is defined as preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience. An Incorrect example of prejudice would be people hating gay men because the Bible says â€Å" You shall not lie with a man as a woman that is an abomination. Leviticus 18:22.† A correct use of the word After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Japanese that lived in the US were rounded up and put into camps becauseShow MoreRelatedDefinition Essay: Racism632 Words   |  3 PagesDefinition: Racism Racism is the unequal treatment of the human beings on the basis of their skin color. Racism is believed to have existed as long as human beings have been in the world. It is usually associated with the skin color of a person, which makes one be distinguished from a certain race or community. The word racism happened to be common in 1600s due to the enslavement of the Africans by the Americans and Europeans. One of the common examples of racism was Americans’ discriminationRead MoreEssay On The American Dream1004 Words   |  5 Pagescountry of equality and freedom as the Founding Fathers dreamed and planned it to be. An essay on Martin Luther King Jr., a man with good morals like those of the Founding Fathers, helped elaborate on this topic. The Pew Research Team s essay, King s Dream Remains an Elusive Goal; Many Americans See Racial Disparities, helped show the apparent effects that immigrants have on our country. With in the essay, statistics are shown to help exemplify the idea. The team of authors explain that immigrantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Meaning Of Serena Williams Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagescelebration of the successes of the black community. Lacking from the definition is the idea that black excellence cannot be achieved without understanding its relation to apparent racist perpetrations. In an essay discussing Serena Williams, entitled â€Å"The Meaning of Serena Williams†, by Claudia Rankine, she states, â€Å"the notable difference between black excellence and white excellence is white excellence is achieved without having to battle racism. Imagine.† The preval ent absurdity exuded by this statementRead More Racism: Similarities and Differences In Two Essays 1159 Words   |  5 PagesIn the two essays, â€Å"Just Walk on By: A Black Man Ponders His Power to Alter Public Space† by Brent Staples and â€Å"I’m Not Racist But†¦Ã¢â‚¬  by Neil Bissoondath, there are both differences and similarities. The two authors differ in their opinion on the causes of racism and life experiences involving racism, but are similar in regards to the use of stereotypes in the world In Brent Staples’ opinion, causes of racism are derived from fear and the insufficient knowledge that a person might have about anotherRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Meaning Of Serena Williams Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesLacking from the definition is the idea that black excellence cannot be achieved without understanding its relation to apparent racist perpetrations. In the essay entitled â€Å"The Meaning of Serena Williams†, author Claudia Rankine states, â€Å"the notable difference between black excellence and white excellence is white excellence is achieved without having to battle racism. Imagine.† The prevalent absurdity exuded by this statement is the unfortunate reality we now inhabit. Rankine’s essay concentrates onRead MoreAnalysis David Brooks People Like Us1403 Words   |  6 PagesIvanna Mejia Professor Andrew Warburton Essay #3 October 22, 2012 David Brooks’ â€Å"People Like Us† Analysis Many individuals interpret diversity differently specifically in the United States because of its melting pot of distinct cultures and lifestyles. In his essay â€Å"People Like Us†, David Brooks’ argues that although the United States is a diverse nation as a whole, it is homogeneous in specific aspects like interactions between people. To some extent, his observation is true; people tendRead MoreThe Relationship Between Race and Ideology Essay971 Words   |  4 PagesThe Relationship Between Race and Ideology In this essay I will argue that the key to end racism is to understand race and ideology and how this two concepts relate to each other. Appiah claims that race does not exist. He uses scientific methods to prove that individuals from different groups of people have no greater genetic differences between them than the genetic differences in individuals from the same group of people. He writes: #8230;human genetic variability between the populationsRead MoreBanal Racism in Antigua: An Examination of A Small Place and its Critics1186 Words   |  5 PagesJane King stated in her essay entitled â€Å"A Small Place Writes Back† that â€Å"A Small Place begins with Jamaica Kincaid placing herself in a unique position able to understand the tourist and the Antiguan and despise both while identifying with neither† (895). Another critic, Suzanne Gauch, adds to this claim by asserting that â€Å"A Small Place disappoints†¦readers when it undermines the authority of its own narrator by suggesting that she is hardly representative of average Antiguans† (912). In her narrativeRead MoreRace, Racism, Or Ethnicity1559 Words   |  7 Pagesand has raised many questions, due to its lack of proper definition and mostly because of its negative connotations. Associated with ethnicity or racism, it created a lifelong debate about whether or not races are socially constructed. The aim of this essay will be firstly to establish clear definitions of words such as race, racism, or ethnicity, and secondly to explain the evolution of racism, from scientific racism to colour blind racism through the work of ideologists such as Gobineau and EduardoRead More Du Bois vs. Cox Essay1075 Words   |  5 Pagesusing their experiences to development their own opinion. How did this concept of race develop into the immense issue we are facing now? According to Oliver C. Cox, the origin of race relations starts with ideas of ethnocentrism, intolerance, and racism. W. E. B. Du Bois said that if what want to find the truth out about race we need to look at the history of the world past the last centuries . The origin of race in my judgment as resulted from both history and the concepts mentioned in Cox’s opinion

Organizational Behaviour and Structure Activities

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Behaviour and Structure Activities. Answer: Introduction: The organizational behavior is that field of study which investigates and analysis how the individuals, groups and the structure of the organization are affected by the behavior within an organization. Behavior of the organization refers to what people do in an organization, how they perform and what attitude they have towards work and the organization. From the management point of view, the organizational behavior can be beneficial to manage the workplace very well and smoothly. The challenges that take place in todays Canadian workplace effects the organization and its activities as a whole. These challenges have three different levels: Challenges at individual levels Challenges at group levels Challenges at organizational level The organizational behavior uses certain knowledge that helps the organization work more effectively and focuses on the productivity, increases the job satisfaction and reduces the absenteeism and turnover. Organizational structure An organizational structure defines the activities of the organization in a well formed manner, the allocation of tasks, the coordination and the supervision are the activities that directs to the achievement of the organizational aims. The structure of the organization depends on the objectives in different ways. The structure determines how the organization performs or operates.

Corporate Finance for Grain Corp Limited - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Finance for Grain Corp Limited. Answer: Miler and Modigliani has depicted into their study that a firm must not announce the entire profit as dividend. Firms are required to retain all the profits for further investment. Information content hypothesis depict that the firms top level management and board of directors of the firm known various private knowledge about the company which are helpful for the investors and analyst to analyse the market condition of the company[1]. Information content of dividend is a widely accepted theory of dividend. This theory further depict that the information is confidential and that is why it is better for the firm to announce more dividend so that investors get attracted towards the company. This theory forces over the irrelevant theory of dividend. Further, free cash flow hypothesis of dividend depict that the bigger debt level of a company disciplines the managers and the directors of the company through pushing them to make some fixed payments of the debt service and by reducing the level of the cash flow of the company. This theory forces over the irrelevant theory of dividend. This theory further depict that the investors look over the entire cash flow of the company before investing into the company[2]. Lastly, Clientele effect theory of dividend depict that the firms stock price always move and vary according to the goals and demand of the analyst and investors in context with the tax, dividend announcement and other changes into the policy. This effect assumes that particular investors are attached with a companys dividend policy and once it would be changed they will switch. So the firm must make the changes into its dividend policy accordingly[3]. And firm must pay the dividend amount on regular basis to the investor to make them motivate. Why should company chose repurchase: Potential tax advantages: If a company repurchase its stock than company becomes eligible for getting the tax advantage and this is the biggest reason due to which companies prefer to repurchase their shares. Signalling: The repurchase of the shares give a signal in the market about the position of the company and due to which more investors get attracted towards the company[4]. Managerial flexibility: Managerial flexibility is the main reason due to which company prefers to repurchase the share as the buyback manages and make the managerial activities of the company more attractive to manage entire process of the company. Increase financial leverage: If a company repurchase its stock than company the financial leverage position of the company is enhanced by a great level and this is the biggest reason due to which companies prefer to repurchase their shares[5]. Offset dilution: Buying back the shares of the company offset various issues and dilutes of the company and enhances the position of the company and this is the biggest reason due to which companies prefer to repurchase their shares. Identify the dividend change: Interim dividend change: Interim dividend change of the company is 1.40056 according to the Nov 29, 2016 and the Nov 27, 2015. Grain Corp limited Changes Interim dividend 0.05 0.0357 1.40056 Final dividend change: Final dividend change of the company is 2.00013 according to the Jun 30, 2016 and the Jun 30, 2017. Grain Corp limited Changes Final dividend 0.2143 0.107143 2.00013 Day return: The Final dividend declaration of the company has been in Jun 30, 2016 and then Jun 30, 2017. Share price of the company has been analyzed from Jun 30, 2016 to Jun 30, 2017. The day return of the company has been given in the appendix. The average return of the company is 0.000258464. Market return: The market dividend of the market has been analyzed from Jun 30, 2016 to Jun 30, 2017. The day return of the market has been given in the appendix. The average return of the market is 0.000128. Excess: Through evaluating the market return and day return of the company, it has been found that the day return of the company is more than the market return. The difference between both the returns is of 0.0001307. Analysis of others result: The result of other students has also been analyzed and it has been found that my friends result is almost similar to my result. The bit difference in company return has occurred due to different companies. The market return is same. Relevant theory: Capital market theory has been evaluated to analyze the above result. This theory depicts that the investor could analyse the market through analysing the market return and the company return of a company. All investors must be the effectual investors and the borrows the amount for investment on the risk free rate. This theory also depict that there are no transaction cost and tax are applied over the investment amount of a company. No inflation rate are exist according to the capital market theory. References: Yahoo Finance, Grain Corp limited, Retrieved from https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/GNC.AX/history?period1=1318012200period2=1507401000interval=1mofilter=historyfrequency=1mo , 2017. Denis, D.J. and Osobov, I, Why do firms pay dividends? International evidence on the determinants of dividend policy,Journal of Financial economics,89(1), pp,62-82, 2008. Nizar Al-Malkawi, H,A, Determinants of corporate dividend policy in Jordan: an application of the Tobit model,Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences,23(2), pp,44-70, 2007. Chung, D,Y,, Isakov, D, and Prignon, C, Repurchasing shares on a second trading line,Review of Finance,11(2), pp,253-285, 2007. Wiemer, J, and Diel, S, Strategies for share buybacks,Journal of Corporate Treasury Management,1(4), 2008. Al-Kuwari, D, Determinants of the Dividend Policy of Companies Listed on Emerging Stock Exchanges: The Case of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Countries, 2009.

Should Euthanasia Be Legalized in the Uk free essay sample

Active euthanasia involves the use of direct action in order to end the patient’s life whilst passive euthanasia is the withholding of medical aid in order to allow the patient to die naturally such as not performing life-extending surgery or turning off a life support system. The next distinction is between Voluntary and Involuntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia involves the patient’s termination at their own request whilst involuntary euthanasia occurs when the patient is unable to ably make a decision and therefore a suitable person makes the decision for them. Indirect euthanasia involves treating the patients pain but with the side effect of death, the primary intention is often used to justify the outcome. This is often referred to as the doctrine of double effect and in reality is not considered euthanasia given that the real purpose of the treatment is pain relief and death is merely seen as the side-affect. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Euthanasia Be Legalized in the Uk? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally there is assisted suicide which involves a patient incapable of committing suicide themselves asks for assistance in doing so. Euthanasia is a controversial topic that contradicts the age old moral injunction â€Å"thou shalt not kill†[2]. But similarly denying patient’s of this choice is defying medical practice cornerstones such as the patient’s autonomy and promoting their best interests. Different countries hold varying stances on Euthanasia but it is currently illegal in the UK. Most recently the case of Tony Nicklinson, a man totally paralysed by locked-in syndrome requesting euthanasia, has come to the forefront of the debate. Given the right to take his case to the high court, a win would mark a significant step towards the legalisation of euthanasia in the UK. Tony Nicklinson commented on topic via his wife stating that â€Å"it’s no longer acceptable for 21st century medicine to be governed by 20th century attitudes to death†. Both sides of the debate are strongly supported with organisations such as pro-life group â€Å"Care Not Killing† and pro-choice group â€Å"Dignity in Dying†. Advocates for Euthanasia include Lady Warnock and Margo Macdonald MSP. In 2008 Warnock controversially suggested that those living with dementia should consider uthanasia because of the strain they put on their families and medical resources. Whilst this seems extreme experts predict by 2026 there will be one million dementia sufferers in the UK costing the NHS approximately ? 35 billion annually. Margo Macdonald is an independent MSP who suffers from Parkinsons and campaigns for the legalisation of assisted suicide. She first brought her â€Å"End of Life Assistance Bill† to government in December 2010 when it was defeated but she is now again trying to have the revised version of her bill brought into effect. So far in the UK there has been no one charged for aiding suicide but cases such as that of Debbie Purdy and Dianne Pretty have brought this fact into question. In Scotland the organization Dignity in Dying continues to campaign for the changing of British Laws arguing that â€Å"The question for politicians in Britain today is why do you force your citizens, people in the most terrible circumstances who are determined to end their suffering in a way of their own choosing, to leave their country and travel to Switzerland to exercise their free will. Surveys carried out conclude that 80% of UK Citizens and 64% of General Practitioners support the legalization of Euthanasia and yet in 1997 the seventh attempt to have Euthanasia legalized in the UK was rejected by parliament. The Suicide Act 1961, updated by the Coroners and Justice act 2009, makes encouraging or assisting in a suicide a crime with a 14 year sentence. This has led to what is commonly referred to as â€Å"suicide touri sm† in which those restricted by the laws of their own country travel abroad to places where they can legally seek Euthanasia. This has become very common practice in Switzerland where the organisation â€Å"Dignitas† provide Euthanasia using trained doctors and nurses. As of 2008 a reported 100 British citizens have used Dignetas’ services. It has been argued that citizens of the UK should not have to make this final journey to Switzerland to end their lives away from the comfort of home and many feel that given it’s ongoing it may as well be legalised in the UK. Similarly opponents fear that given the legalisation of euthanasia the UK could become the new â€Å"graveyard of Europe† as is the phrase used to describe Switzerland. In England, the director of public prosecutions has indicated he is unlikely to take legal action against those who assist the suicide of friends or relatives who have a settled and informed wish to die. However, Scotland was given no similar lenience. Arguments for the legalisation of Euthanasia A clear indicator that the UK needs Euthanasia legislation is the vast support that exists for it. An impressive 88% people would support the legalisation of euthanasia in some form. [3] Many see it as what should be a choice at the end of one’s life or when faced with a futile future. If we put down animals to end their suffering it is difficult to understand why we cannot offer the same grace to our fellow human beings. It is extremely important that we give those who feel like their dignity has been taken away the ending that they want. It is also important that this choice can be offered to patients at home. The decision is difficult enough to make regardless of being forced to travel abroad to have euthanasia. Being at home would also allow the patient to die peacefully surrounded by loved ones. Loved ones are often put in very difficult situations by the illegality of euthanasia. Cases such as that of Debbie Purdy and Dianne Pretty highlight the issue of family members being prosecuted should they assist their partners in dying. Dianne, who appealed to many courts including the European Court of Human Rights to request her husband assisting her death, lost her case dying from the degenerative condition Motor Neurone disease in 2002. Debbie was more successful and gained immunity for her husband as he helped her travel to Dignitas to be given euthanasia. The UK has a duty to desperate patients to offer well-monitered euthanasia, rather than forcing them to go abroad or live in agony. A pragmatic however slightly insensitive argument for legalising Euthanasia would be the amount of medical resources it would free up. In many countries health services are limited and those with illnesses cannot be treated due to massive demand. Meanwhile treatment is being provided for those who do not want it and cannot be cured. Allowing these people euthanasia will not only satisfy their needs but also with the positive effect of increased medical care for those who need and want it. This argument is unconvincing to those morally opposed to the act of euthanasia itself regardless of how many people can be helped because of the increased medical resources. Another rejection of this argument is that euthanasia would be abused and involuntary euthanasia would take place as a quick solution for lack of medical resources. It would put pressure on the weak and vulnerable in our society into euthanasia as soon as they are terminally ill. Another argument in favour of legalizing euthanasia is since it happens anyway, it is better to make it legal so that it can be regulated appropriately. This argument is similar to that used to justify the legalisation of abortions in that it is justified by arguing that without proper facilities people will die in backstreet abortions. If passive Euthanasia is in wide use anyway surely it is better to at least regulate this process even if it is not preferable. For example DNR (Do not resuscitate) order in which a patient has requested not to be resuscitated if they stop breathing or their heart stops beating. This is in essence passive euthanasia, it is not such an extreme step to legalize euthanasia. Similarly palliative sedation often used to reduce pain but with the risk of shortening a patients life is again essentially active euthanasia. The Tony Bland case gives example of a public case of euthanasia that was not prosecuted. Tony Bland was a 17-year old seriously injured in the Hillsborough disaster in April 1989. Left in PVS until 1993 it was thought that his brain was too severely damaged for a recovery. The family and NHS trust requested to withdraw the equipment keeping him alive and the high courts agreed. Another issue that legalising euthanasia would solve would be that of the disparity between active and passive euthanasia. Whilst in medical practice passive euthanasia is widely used and active euthanasia is seen as the greater evil. However this distinction is nonsensical. Often cited is the metaphorical case of Smith and Jones in which Smith drowns his cousin disguising it as an accident in order to gain inheritance. Jones on the other hand has the same intention but discovers that his cousin has slipped and drowned himself and whilst he could easily save him he decides not to in order to gain his inheritance. The case highlights even when the outcome is the same the act is very much the same as the omission. As passive euthanasia already exists can active euthanasia not be legalised on the basis that it is morally exactly the same? From a purely pragmatic perspective it is easy to see that Euthanasia already exists in the United Kingdom, it is irresponsible to ignore something that must be regulated much like similarly controversial issues such as abortion. Furthermore it is difficult to see why there is killing is acceptable in certain situations such as self defense, but is however banned in this case. Palliative care is limited at best. There are situations and conditions that cannot be controlled. Furthermore often when people decide that they want to die, they tend to be of rational thought and will follow through their request. Even if they die comfortably in a hospice this is not what they want, their only wish was for death. Euthanasia will only be considered by those whom modern medical treatments cannot help and therefore it must be legalised regardless of any medical advancements and improved hospice conditions. For the last 10 years Oregon, USA has had legal assisted suicide. Notably Oregon has the best palliative care in the entire USA and yet 90% still seek assisted suicide from within this system. [4] This is conclusive proof that whilst palliative care may be a great option for some it is not the be all and end all and in some cases it is essential to have the option to have euthanasia legally. Another concern of anti-euthanasia activists is that euthanasia legislation will stifle investment in palliative care, but again there is evidence from Oregon that these concerns are totally unfounded. The percentage of people dying in palliative care has risen from 37% in 2002 to 52% in 2009, one of the highest rates in the USA[5]. Secular stances on euthanasia offer interesting moral arguments both in favour of and against legalising euthanasia. For Kantians euthanasia is not entirely clear issue. For Kantians it is important when creating moral guidelines that for an action to be moral it must be universalisable. Kantianism is the theory that we should stick to a set of compulsory rules and avoid letting emotions or inclinations to cloud our judgement and avoid trying to predict the outcomes of our actions. Kant argued that acting on ones emotional inclinations is to act irrationally and that consequences could only be considered if they were constantly predictable, which they aren’t. Kantianism being a deontological theory proposes that the most moral actions are those that are done out of the duty to do the right thing, and supports that an action is moral if the intention is good not the consequence. Kant believed that there are categorical imperatives i. e. actions that are either right or wrong and to do a wrong act to achieve a positive result is immoral. When it comes to Euthanasia Kantians would look for the moral action as apposed to the loving action. Kantians utilise both the universability test and the ends in them selves test in order to gauge categorical imperatives to follow. The statement â€Å"everyone should be helped to die† would not be an action that could be universally accepted and therefore fails this first essential component of a categorical imperative. However if the statement was â€Å"everyone who is terminally ill and wishes to die should be helped to die† this may be more viable. In this, there is potential confusion over this part of the categorical imperative. Similarly the ends in themselves test is equally incoherent as it could be argued that killing someone to end there pain was using them as a means to an end. On the other hand other Kantians could argue that a persons ends were best served by ending their life. Immanuel Kant himself was implicitly against any form of suicide so this would suggest Kantians must be of a similar stance but modern Kantian thinkers often disagree. Contrastingly to Kantian ethics Utilitarianism does not need a moral act to be universally acceptable. Utilitarianism is the theory generally credited to English philosopher Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism states that an action is right if it creates the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. Utilitarians believe that an action is not intrinsically either right or wrong. Depending on the situation the answer as to what to do varies, but in all situations the fundamental goal is happiness. The morality of the action depends solely on the consequences, and utilitarians will try to predict the outcome and base their decision on this. Laws and general rules are disregarded by this theory. The most important factor here is that the action that creates the greatest amount of happiness and least amount of pain. This being the case Utilitarians would be in favour of voluntary euthanasia. Utilitarians use the process of Hedonic Calculus in order to determine morality. The Hedonic calculus takes into account various factors such as intensity duration, propinquity, fecundity, purity and xtent of the pleasure Clearly it is very common for the continuation of a patient’s existence is more likely to bring them and all those around them more pain than pleasure. Furthermore the resources being used to keep them alive could be better used in bringing pleasure to others. Utilitarianism combats the common criticism of Euthanasia, that no one given expert medical treatment need di e in pain, with the valid point that having autonomy and the right to choose is itself a pleasure. However there are flaws in the Utilitarian system of ethics when addressing the issue of Euthanasia. It would seem that involuntary euthanasia too could be justified by the hedonic calculus if enough people stood to gain pleasure from the termination of a patient. This is the age old issue that has faced Utilitarianism with the â€Å"tyranny of the majority† meaning that given enough people with a contrary view, an individuals happiness can become completely irrelevant. The second issue is the idea if Utilitarians were to have their way and the law was indeed altered to allow Euthanasia, there would be pressure on the vulnerable to choose the option of Euthanasia to relieve the burden that they are. This however would lead to great unhappiness. In this way there could be a contradiction as the issue of whether or not changing the law would bring about the greatest amount of happiness or not. The Libertarian view would support euthanasia on the grounds that it can be in the best interests of everyone involved without violating anyone else’s rights and is therefore morally acceptable. Those opposed that Euthanasia does not qualify as an act that is in the best interests of people involved and has no detrimental effect on society. They argue that things that are in our best interests are not always morally sound. What may appear to be in one’s best interests may be unclear and could end up having terrible consequences. It is impossible to claim that euthanasia is in any way a private act it’s repurcussions on society would be gargantuan. Arguments against the legalisation of euthanasia An argument often employed by those against euthanasia legislation is the â€Å"slippery slope† argument that says if voluntary euthanasia is permitted, involuntary euthanasia will inevitably follow. The comparison to Nazis is often drawn as they used â€Å"humane† excuses to exterminate mentally and physically disabled patients during the holocaust. This highlights to arguments against the legalisation of euthanasia. Firstly the idea that one cannot discriminate between lawful and unlawful cases of euthanasia. Secondly the idea that mercy killing will become an accepted action and will lead to unjustified killings. Another example used is that of the legalisation of abortion in 1967 which was intended only to permit in exceptional cases but spiraled into a very common occurrence. The worry is that euthanasia will follow suit and become an on demand service. The slippery slope argument is riddled with faults. Humanists would argue that the comparison with Nazism is nonsensical as it never began as voluntary euthanasia, it was always an evil act rather than an escalation. Furthermore they argue that the line between voluntary and involuntary euthanasia is clear cut and therefore easily monitored. Cases such as that of Dianne Pretty serve as evidence that in the majority of cases it is very clear that the patient is making the choice for themselves. In Peter Singer’s A Companion to Ethics Helga Kushe states that â€Å"in the Netherlands a social experiment with active voluntary euthanasia is currently in progress. As yet there is no evidence this has sent Dutch society down a slippery slope†[6]. The comparison opponents draw between euthanasia and abortion is a weak one. The former in this case is the choice of sane and sensible people about their own life whilst the latter concerns an unconscious foetus with no one to protect it. Finally humanists argue that they do not recognise the danger that legalising euthanasia would belittle other laws surrounding death, such as murder. There is a great disparity between helping someone to die at their request and killing an innocent victim. As ethicist John Harris put it â€Å"if there is a slippery slope, legislation would apply crampons rather than skis†[7]. The case of Jack Kevorkian could be used as evidence of how it would be difficult to monitor the legalisation of euthanasia and how it could descend into a darker area. Between 1990 and 1998 Dr Jack Kevorkian a doctor in Michigan USA, assisted 130 terminally ill people. In this time he was tried 4 times, the first 3 aquitted and the last one ending in mistrial. In 1999 Kevorkian was charged with second-degree murder and the delivery of a controlled substance. The case highlights certain issues that may arise if UK law was changed concerning euthanasia. Whilst each individual allegedly took the final step of suicide in all the cases there were many questionable circumstances. At least 19 of the patients died within 24 hours of first meeting Dr Kevorkian. At lease 5 had a history of depression. 17 were not referred to a pain specialist after complaining of chronic pain. He failed to get the medical records of many of his patients and it is thought that many of them did not have terminal illnesses. However proponents of Euthanasia would point to Dr Kevorkian as an exampled of why Euthanasia must be legalised so that it can be properly regulated by authorities. An ethical argument used against euthanasia is the sanctity of life argument that suggests life has an intrinsic value and euthanasia tarnishes this. Human life has an intrinsic value regardless of its quality and religious people see it as a gift from God. This argument follows Kant’s belief that humans should be treated as ends in themselves and the fact that we are humans has value in itself. This also applies to ourselves, we must treat ourselves with this same respect and should not seek the easy way to alleviate suffering. However this argument loses credibility as the sanctity of life argument is generally associated with religion and only about 15% of the population of Britain worship on a regular basis. Religious people often use the argument that euthanasia is like playing God and that it is only God’s right to decide when and how we die. This is difficult to comprehend though as by this definition all medical interventions such as surgery are â€Å"playing God† but most religious people consider this normal and are often party to it. Humanists would argue that we do not have to look to a deity to answer when and how we must die. They argue that such important issues should not invoke God and laws should never be based on claims which rely on religious faith. Some religious people see the moral distinction between active and passive euthanasia and that the latter is the only morally permissible option. However humanists believe that it is in fact the former that has a stronger case as it is quicker and therefore less painful. The general consensus amongst Christians is that life is given and taken by God as it is mentioned in Job 1:21 â€Å"God gives and God takes away† and interfering with this process goes against natural law. Christians believe that each human was made in the image of God and therefore is extremely special. This life should be preserved and protected and to propose Euthanasia for an individual is to judge that their life is not worthwhile. Making this judgement goes against Christian beliefs as they believe that only God can judge. It is widely believed in the church that the moment preceding death is one of profound spirituality and importance and to interrupt with this process would be terrible. The ten commandments in Exodus implicitly reject killing â€Å"thou shall not kill†, Euthanasia is exactly this. Objectors would point to Jesus’ use of healing, he helped the sick rather than killing them. This example that Jesus showed suggests that palliative care is a far more Christian approach to the issue of death. One fundamental belief in Christianity is that humans are made in God’s image. Because of this human life has great value as it is sharing in God’s own life. To judge a human life as not worthwhile is failing to recognise God’s creation. Specifically the Roman Catholic Church (RCC) is entirely against Euthanasia arguing any intentional act that brings about death is the same as murder. This said extreme measures do not need to be taken to keep one alive, nature and God will decide when someones time has come. Pope John Paul II said that â€Å"Euthanasia is a grave violation of the law of God†[8]. However the church does recognise that drugs administered to a patient in order to relieve them of pain may hasten their death and this is morally acceptable as the primary intention is to alleviate the patient’s suffering. This is appealing to the doctrine of double effect which stipulates that if the primary intention is moral then the consequences of that action are irrelevant. This doctrine is widely criticised, described by Elizabeth Anscombe as â€Å"a sin in disguise†. It has been compared to claiming to not be responsible for the death of a friend if one shoots a bullet to kill a mosquito perched on his throat. Similarly the church recognises that extraordinary means in order to prevent death should not always be taken. If a young person has a long life ahead of them then they may have serious surgery but a very old person with little time left may reject such treatments. However many liberal Christians would have an alternative view. At Jesus’ sermon on the mount IN Matthew Christians are taught to be loving and allowing someone to live in pain and suffering does not reflect this teaching. In Genesis 1:28 it says that humans were given dominion over all living things by God, therefore our own lives. Furthermore free will was given to humans and surely then Christians should be allowed to exercise this free will in whichever way they please. Contrastingly to the teachings of Christian leaders 80% of Anglicans and 73% of Roman Catholics are in favour of the legalisation of euthanasia[9]. The Golden Rule of Jesus is â€Å"always treat others as you would like them to treat you†(Matthew 7:12) Doctors as a result of being aware of the implications of having a terminal illness have highest suicide rate of any group. Furthermore as Dr. Michael Irwin, former Medical Director of the united nations stated publicly â€Å"Many Physicians and nurses have private arrangements that they will hasten each other’s deaths should they ever be unfortunate enough to resemble the condition of some of their patients†[10]. Legalising Euthanasia will enable doctors to follow the Golden Rule and treat others how they would like to be treated themselves. The church actually regards refusal of extreme treatment in the face of death as morally acceptable and whilst this is not strictly euthanasia it does show an understanding of the human condition in the face of death. It is feared that euthanasia as a whole devalues disabled people’s lives and suggests that their lives are not worth living. By downgrading their lives while they’re alive we risk encouraging euthanasia. This is a very dangerous mentality to foster as many disabled people enjoy their lives regardless of any difficulties they may have. Those opposed to euthanasia often argue that misguided people could be led into euthanasia when in reality it is against their best interests. If the diagnosis of the illness is wrong and it is either not terminal or not as aggressive as claimed a patient could have priceless time taken away from them. In reality euthanasia does not devalue human life or the life of the particular patient, it is in reality having immense respect for their final wish of not wanting to endure their remaining time on earth. One medical issue that UK doctors would encounter should euthanasia be legalised would be the fact that it violates the very basis of medical ethics, which in the words of the International Code of Medical Ethics is â€Å"A doctor must always bear in mind the obligation of preserving human life from conception†[11]. It is thought that requesting doctors to compromise this promise would irreversibly fracture doctor patient relations. Doctors could become disillusioned by the increase in deaths and lack compassion dealing with elderly, disabled and terminally ill patients. Furthermore patients would become distrustful of health professionals believing that their doctors would rather have them terminated than have to look after them. Evidence counts against this concern as when 9 European countries were surveyed to discover which peoples invested most trust in their doctors it was the Netherlands that came out on top. Discussion of euthanasia in countries where euthanasia is legal is open, transparent, honest and mature. Palliative care is seen as the most obvious route for those opposed to euthanasia to seek painless deaths for patients with a terminal diagnosis. It is argued that the UK government should achive top level palliative care for the entire country before assisted suicide is even considered. Sometimes calls for euthanasia are in reality a veiled plea for help and should be addressed by palliative care specialists rather than assistance in this request. However must palliative care and assisted suicide be in conflict? There is a small group for whom palliative care is ineffective and should be given the final choice of euthanasia. Funding and improvement would continue in palliative care regardless of the certain choice some may take to die. Both options are driven predominantly by the respect for a patients autonomy and having compassion. Opponents to Euthanasia argue that it puts those most vulnerable in our society, the elderly, disabled and terminally ill in a terrible position where they would be made to feel like a burden. As population grows in the coming years inevitably there will be a greater demand on the health services and it will be these people who are targeted and pressured to have themselves terminated for the greater good. There is also the fear that family members of a patient with selfish intentions may coerce them into euthanasia in order to gain inheritance. Now disability groups such as â€Å"Not Dead Yet UK† (NDYUK) has fought back calls for legalised euthanasia calling upon MPs to sign the â€Å"Resistance Charter 2010† declaring that they are in support of palliative care and independent living services and maintain legal protecting for the terminally ill and disabled. However all these concerns have been considered thoroughly and comprehensively by the many bodies attempting to legalise voluntary euthanasia in the UK including Dignity in Dying, EXIT and various other organisations. There would be extensive guidelines and checks ensuring that the patient in question is fully sure of their decision and is of sound mind. In reality the legalisation of euthanasia would lead to far less assisted suicide as it becomes an open and easily discussible subject. In Holland where assisted suicide is legal, rates of non-voluntary euthanasia fell from 0. 8% (1000) of all deaths to 0. 4% (550) of all deaths in 2005. Conclusion As it stands the law in the UK is ambiguous when it comes to Euthanasia and there is a glaring lack of clarity. The Director of Public Prosecutions Keir Starmer, recently stated that intentions will be taken into consideration when euthanasia takes place. If the motivation for the act is compassion and it is not in the public’s interest to prosecute those who commit voluntary euthanasia may go unpunished. In any case, the laws should be updated and clarified in order to eradicate any confusion over the matter. I believe that voluntary euthanasia should be legalised in the UK. Having volunteered in a top hospice for 2 years I witnessed first hand those with terminal illnesses. The level of care in such places is outstanding and very few people are unhappy there. However there is no substitute for death when that is what a patient wishes for. No drug or expert care can diminish the feelings of one who knows that they want to die. I feel that if laws were to be passed on euthanasia then they would be aptly scrutinised in order to ensure that no injustice was done. Whilst opponents to legislation believe that legalising euthanasia is legalising murder, this point holds little water as those who break the guidelines of voluntary euthanasia will be dealt with just as any other criminal would. The vast support for euthanasia cannot be ignored but neither can the concerns of those against it. There are objections for a variety of reasons religious, moral and pragmatic. However I feel evidence from other states whom have legalised voluntary euthanasia or assisted suicide is sufficient in showing that in reality palliative care would continue to improve, disabled people will still be cared for, the doctor patient relationship would only strengthen, and much of religious teachings fit with the caring nature of voluntary euthanasia.